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制高点-第21部分

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  GONZALO SANCHEZ DE LOZADA: Many people would say we're still poor; and I would say to them Bolivia before we stabilized the economy was a poor country with hyperinflation。 Bolivia after we stabilized the economy is a poor country with stability。
  孔塞洛。桑切斯。洛塞塔(Gonzalo  Sanchez De Lozada):许多人可能会说我们还是很穷,我要对这些人说,在我们稳定经济以前,###是一个充斥着恶性通货膨胀的穷国,但在这之后,###是一个稳定的穷国。
  CLIVE CROOK: I think there is some disillusionment in Latin America。 They have had problems despite the reforms。 Getting to a steady high rate of growth is a difficult thing; and it certainly requires more than sorting out your inflation problem; and now we see a sort of financial collapse in Argentina。
  克利夫。克鲁克(Clive Crook):我认为在拉丁美洲一些幻想破灭了。虽然进行了改革,他们还是遇到了一些问题。要使经济稳步地快速增长是困难的,这显然不是只要制止了通货膨胀问题就行了的。如今,我们又看到了阿根廷的金融崩溃。
  DANIEL YERGIN: For several years; Argentina looked like the poster boy for economic reform。 It turned out that the reforms were quite inplete。 The country ran up huge international debts; and in 2002 it had an economic meltdown。
  丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):几年来,阿根廷都似乎是经济改革的招牌,现在看来它的改革是非常不彻底的。国家借了大量的国际债务,而在2002年,其经济彻底垮台了。
  CLIVE CROOK: At the end of the day; the strains were too much。 And now we see a great deal of political turmoil; raising all kinds of questions for the future。
  克利夫克鲁克(Clive Crook):到最后,这种压力太大了。我们现在看到了许多政治###,这给将来提出了各种各样的问题。
  NARRATOR: In India; Narayana Murthy no longer needs 50 trips to Delhi for permission to import one puter。 Instead he has built one of the world's biggest software panies。 India's economy has loosened up; and it is growing。
  旁白:在印度,Narayana Murthy再也不需要为获得一台电脑的进口许可到德里(Delhi)跑50趟了,相反,他建立起了一个世界上最大的软件公司,印度的经济宽松了起来并正在取得增长。
  JAIRAM RAMESH: Well; it did work。 I think certainly it did work。 And what is interesting is that all the parties that criticized the party that introduce reforms are now taking forward those reforms。 So I think; you know; '91 to 2000 has shown that the economic liberalization was started out of pulsion has ended up being a process that has been driven by conviction。
  JAIRAM RAMESH:它确实发挥作用了,我确信它当然发挥作用了。有趣的是,一开始批评引入改革的政党的那些政党现在都推动着那些改革。所以我想,从1991年到2000年见证了这样一个过程:经济自由化在各种限制与压制中起步,最后却以深入人心被普遍接受而告终。
  P。 CHIDAMBARAM: This has brought about a sea change。 In fact; nobody in India today would question the correctness of the decision to open up India's economy。 Even the munists grudgingly can see that this is the right path now。
  P。 CHIDAMBARAM:这带来了大量的变化。事实上,现在已经没有人怀疑当初开放印度经济的决定的正确性了,即使是共产党现在也不得不承认这是一正确的道路。
  NARRATOR: In Russia; ironically; the 1998 stock market crash and the default on debts may have been a turning point; a second chance for Russia's still…new market economy。 Under President Putin; the institutions of a market economy strengthened; and the oligarchs were reined in。
  旁白:具有讽刺意味的是,俄罗斯1998年的股票市场崩溃及拖欠债务可能是一个转折点,是俄罗斯新兴的市场经济的第二次机会。在普金(Putin)总统的领导下,市场经济机构更加强大,寡头们也得到了控制。
  DANIEL YERGIN: Russia has changed a lot since the loans…for…shares deal of the mid…90s。 It's had strong economic growth over the last several years。 panies have modernized; and a lot of their reform legislation that should have been done five or six or seven years ago has finally been enacted。
  丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):自从90年代中期的贷款换股权交易后,俄罗斯改变了许多。在过去的七年中,俄罗斯保持了很高的经济增长,公司走向了现代化,他们一些本该在5年、6年、7年以前就制定的改革法规也终于出台了。
  JEFFREY SACHS: I remain cautiously optimistic。 But even if Russia gets out of this mess; even if democracy survives; even if all of market reforms take root and all of that is possible; the 1990s was so costly unnecessarily that I'll never be able to look at it and feel that gee; it all ended up well in the end。
  杰裴里。萨克斯(Jeffrey Sachs):我保持谨慎的乐观。但即使俄罗斯解决了这些问题,即使民主幸存下来,即使市场改革站稳了脚根,即使这些都是可能实现的——90年代的代价都是太大的和没有必要的,我永远都不能再回头看,去感觉那段时光。不过,最后的结果总算不错。
  DANIEL YERGIN: The problems are still there …… the problems of inadequate health care all the way to corruption。 But it's a society that's changing。 Putin sees Russia's future as being part of the world economy。
  丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):问题依然存在——从医疗保健不健全到腐败现象等等。但是改变的是整个社会。普京看到了俄罗斯作为世界经济的一部分的未来。
  LILIA SHEVTSOVA: I'm looking at my son who is 19 years old; and I'm looking at other people; and I am amazed。 They are ready to live in this global environment。 These are the people absolutely free of any old stereotypes。 They don't remember munism。 My son is ing home and asking me; ";Mum; can you tell me what Marxism is?"; We spent only 10 years after collapse of munism; and my son doesn't know what munism and Marxism is。
  LILIA SHEVTSOVA:我看着我19岁的儿子,我也看其他的人,我感到很惊奇。他们准备好了在这种全球化的环境中生存。这是一代绝对不会接受老一套的人,他们不知道什么是共产主义,我儿子回到家中问我:“妈妈,你能告诉我什么是共产主义吗?”共产主义垮台仅仅是十年前的事情,而我的儿子便不知道什么是共产主义和马克思主义了。
  NARRATOR: The world had indeed changed its mind。 Capitalism was now the rule almost everywhere。 The stage was set for a single global market woven together by trade technology and investment。
  旁白:世界确实变了,资本主义无论在哪里几乎都成了真理,随着贸易技术和国际投资的飞速发展,世界将成为一个单一的全球经济的舞台。
  Globalization had begun。
  全球化开始了。
  

Chapter 1: Prologue '6:14'
第一章:  开场白
  NARRATOR: The attack on America raised so many questions; among them; questions about the dangers of the new world economy。 Is terrorism the dark side of globalization?
  旁白:对美国的攻击提出了很多关于新世界经济所面临的危险的问题,恐怖主义是全球化的阴暗面吗?
  DANIEL YERGIN; Author; manding Heights: Up until September 11; there was a sense that this movement toward globalization really was irreversible。 And since then there's been this recognition that things can go in another direction。
  DANIEL YERGIN,《占领制高点》的作者:直到9月11日之前,人们一直认为全球化潮流真的是不可逆转,但是自从9月11日之后,人们认识到,事情的发展可能会有另外一个方向。
  NARRATOR: Can our deeply interconnected world deliver prosperity to everyone?
  旁白:我们这个紧密相连的世界能给每一个人带来繁荣吗?
  BILL CLINTON; ; 1993…2001: And that's basically the next big challenge; is making this interdependent world of ours; on balance; far more positive than negative。 And the extent to which we do that will depend on whether the 21st century is marred by terrorism of all kinds or whether it bees the most peaceful and prosperous time the world has ever known。
  克林顿,美国总统,1993…2001:基本上,下一个重大的挑战是如何使这个相互依存的世界能比较均衡,使其积极的一面超越消极的一面。我们在这一点上做的有多好将依赖于:21世纪是否会被各种各样的恐怖主义所破坏,或者这个世界能否成为有史以来最为和平和繁荣的时代。
  NARRATOR: This is the story of how the new global economy was born; the story of a century…long battle of ideas to determine who would control the ";manding heights"; of the economy …… central governments or free markets。
  旁白:这是一个全球新经济如何产生的故事,是一个长达一个世纪的观念之争——谁将控制经济的“制高点”——中央政府还是自由市场。
  In the 1990s; a worldwide capitalist revolution fueled the new era of globalization; the greatest expansion of world trade in history。
  在20世纪90年代,世界范围的资本主义革命推进了全球化的新时代——也是历史上世界贸易扩张幅度最大的时代。
  RICHARD CHENEY; : Millions of people a day are better off than they would have been without globalization; and very few people have been harmed by it。
  切尼,美国副总统:每天都有数一百计的人们因为全球化而过的更好,几乎没有什么人受到过全球化的伤害。
  NARRATOR: But with the promise came a debate about the impact of globalization。
  旁白:但伴随着这个承诺而来的就是一场关于全球化影响的辩论。
  GRETCHEN KING; Media Activist; Independent Media Center: And should the world's wealthiest people really dictate how the world's economy is going to run?
  GRETCHEN KING,媒体激进主义者,独立媒体中心:是不是应该由这个世界上最富有的国家裁定世界经济的模式?
  NARRATOR: Tonight; the battle over who should write the new rules of the game for the global economy。
  旁白:今天晚上,关于谁应当制订全球经济新规则,将有一场争辩。
  GEORGE W。 BUSH; : Out of the sorrow of September 11; I see opportunity; a chance for nations to strengthen and rethink and reinvigorate their relationships。 When nations open their markets to the world; they find in America trading partners; an investor; and a friend。
  布什,美国总统:从911事件的悲哀中,我看到了机遇——各个国家如何自强、重新思考并重新激活国家关系,当各个国家对世界开放市场的时候,它们能在美国找到贸易伙伴、
  投资者和朋友。
  NARRATOR: We are living through a revolution。 The 1990s saw the creation of a new kind of global economy; a single market in which everyone has a stake; but no one has control。
  旁白:我们正生活在一个大变革的时代,20世纪90年代开创了新型的全球经济,每个人在全球经济中都有自己的份额,但是没有哪一个能拥有对它的控制权。
  Globalization has brought unprecedented prosperity; but it has also brought crises and risks we are only beginning to understand。 It has unleashed a worldwide debate about wealth and poverty; about the ";rules of the game"; for this new era of globalization。
  全球化已经带来了史无前例的繁荣,但是也已经带来了危机和风险——我们只是刚刚开始理解这些危机和风险。同时,它还引发了一场全球范围的辩论——有关富有和贫穷,有关全球化新时代“游戏规则”
  DANIEL YERGIN: Historians may well say that a new era began at the beginning of the 1990s with the end of the Cold War and the Gulf crises。 It was this new era of globalization; of a world being tied together by flows of investment; of trade; of ideas; of culture; of people travelling all the time。 And it happened very fast。 And as so often happens; the change came more quickly than the ability of thinking to catch up and understand the change。 But to understand where we are today and where we're going; we have to understand this recent past。
  DANIEL YERGIN:历史学家可能会说:这个新时代开始于20世纪90年代之初——冷战结束和海湾危机的时候,这是一个全球化的新时代,世界被资本流动、贸易、观念、文化和不停迁移的人们连接在一起,所有这一切都发生的极其迅速,和往常一样,人们的跟上并理解变革的思维能力跟不上变革实际发生的速度。但是,要理解我们的处境和我们的未来,我们必须理解刚刚发生的过去。
  

Chapter 2: The Global Idea '3:52'
第二章: 全球观念
  NARRATOR: No economic idea has shaped the era of globalization more profoundly than a belief in free; open markets。 Free trade has been a fundamental tenet of capitalism for over 200 years。 But in the 1990s; the global market created a new reality that no government; no politician could afford to ignore。
  旁白:自由、开放的市场观念对全球化时代的形成产生了最为深远的影响,自由贸易成为资本主义的基本信条已经长达两百年了,但是,在20世纪90年代,全球市场产生了一种没有哪个政府或政客能忽视的新现实。
  Our story begins in 1992。 The global economy was changing rapidly; but America seemed adrift。 A recession had left 10 million workers unemployed。 Industries struggled against intense foreign petition。 Europe had formed a single trading bloc。 Japan looked invincible。 Japanese panies were buying up American icons; like Rockefeller Center and Universal Studios。
  我们的故事开始于1992年,全球经济迅速变迁,但是美国似乎游移不定,一场衰退已经使得一千万工人失业,各个行业努力挣扎着和残酷的国外竞争进行抗衡,欧洲地区已经形成了单一的贸易集团,日本看起来十分强大,日本公司开始收购一些美国经济的标志:比如洛克非勒中心和寰宇工作室等等。
  In the 1992 presi
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