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美丽英文(散文卷)-第3部分

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elf。”“But;” I said with resentment; “I wasn’t trying to act。 I really felt。”“so did I; my boy;” said Le Ros。 “You can’t act without feeling。 What’s…his…name; the Frenchman—Diderot; yes—said you could; but what did he know about it? Didn’t you see those tears in my eyes when the train started? I hadn’t forced them。 I tell you I was moved。 So were you; I dare say。 But you couldn’t have pumped up a tear to prove it。 You can’t express your feelings。 In other words; you can’t act。 At any rate;” he added kindly; “not in a railway station。” “Teach me!” I cried。 He looked thoughtfully at me。 “Well;” he said at length; “the seeing…off season is practically over。 Yes; I’ll give you a course。 I have a good many pupils on hand already; but yes;” he said; consulting an ornate notebook; “I could give you an hour on Tuesdays and Fridays。”
  His terms; I confess; are rather high。 But I don’t grudge the investment。
  书包 网 。 想看书来

论青年与老年
'英国'弗兰西斯·培根
  ■
  弗兰西斯·培根(1561—1626),英国著名的唯物主义哲学家和科学家。在文艺复兴时期的巨人中,他被尊称为哲学史和科学史上划时代的人物。马克思称他是“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。”他是第一个提出“知识就是力量”的人。培根是近代哲学史上首先提出经验论原则的哲学家,对近代科学的建立起了积极的推动作用,对人类哲学史、科学史都作出了重大的历史贡献。罗素尊称培根为“给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱”。
  一个人假使不曾虚度生活,年岁不大也可以表现得成熟老练,只不过这种情况少有发生罢了。深思未必出自风霜,岁月同样可见年轻,可一般的青年毕竟谋划不过长辈,智慧也不及他们少年老成的同龄人。
  但青年的创造性更为丰富,想象力也如涌泉一样奔放灵活,这似乎更得益于神助。天性刚烈、心怀热望、情绪敏感的人不历经中年,行事总是青涩,恺撒和塞维拉斯即为例证……
  青年擅长创造却缺乏判断,擅长行动却缺乏商讨,擅长革新却缺乏对经验的借鉴。日积月累的经验可以引导他们掌握旧事物,但也会遮盖他们看见新事物的视线。
  青年人犯错往往毁坏大局,而老年人的错则是迈步太小或行动太缓。无论谋事还是操行,青年都骛远喜功,基调高,动幅大,好走极端;他们藐视前例,目空一切,革新的勇气绰绰有余,而欠方式和分寸上的考虑,结果反而招致意外的麻烦。他们有如不羁的野马,行事极端而不知自救,一旦开蹄犯错,就泻至千里,不可复回。老年人呢,他们顾忌太多,议论过长,宁求安稳,不愿冒险,总是满足于平平成绩而不向往极至的辉煌。毫无疑问,最好是将两者特点结合。就现在来说,青年和老年可以互相取长补短。就发展来说,老年人是主事者,而青年可以学习取经。最后就社会来说,老年人以权威之姿指引方向,青年人则能振奋民心、鼓舞士气。但如果从政治上讲,老人的阅历是珍贵的,那么,青年人的纯真则在人性中熠熠闪光。
  Of Youth and Age
  Francis Bacon
  A man that is young in years; may be old in hours; if he have lost no time。 But that happened rarely。 Generally; youth is like the first cogitations; not so wise as the second。 For there is a youth in thoughts; as well as in ages。
  And yet the invention of young men; is more lively than that of old; and imaginations stream into their minds better; and; as it were; more divinely。 Natures that have much heat; and great and violent desires and perturbations; are not ripe for action; till they have passed the meridian of their years; as it was with Julius Caesar and Septimius Severus。。。
  Young men are fitter to invent; than to judge; fitter for execution; than for counsel; and fitter for new projects; than for settled business。 For the experience of age; in things that fall within the pass of it; directeth them; but in new things; abuseth them。
  The errors of young men; are the ruin of business; but the errors of aged men; amount but to this; that more might have been done; or sooner。 Young men; in the conduct and manage of actions; embrace more than they can hold; stir more than they can quiet; fly to the end; without consideration of the means and degrees;pursue some few principles; which they have chanced upon absurdly care not to innovate; which draws unknown inconveniences; use extreme remedies at first; and; that which doubleth all errors; will not acknowledge or retract them; like an unready horse; that will neither stop nor turn。 Men of age object too much; consult too long; adventure too little; repent too soon; and seldom drive business home to the full period; but content themselves with a mediocrity of success。 Certainly it is good to pound employments of both; for that will be good for the present; because the virtues of either age; may correct the defects of both; and good for succession; that young men may be learners; while men in age are actors; and; lastly; good for extern accidents; because authority followeth old men; and favor and popularity; youth。 But for the moral part; perhaps youth will have the pre…eminence; as age hath for the politic。
  

*与丑腿(1)
'美国'本杰明·富兰克林
  ■
  本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790),18世纪美国最伟大的科学家,著名的政治家和文学家。他生于北美洲的波士顿,幼年家境贫穷,一生只受过两年正式教育。8岁入学,10岁辍学,此后又当了近10年的印刷工人。但他从未间断过自学,从自然科学、技术方面的读物到著名科学家的论文以及名家作品无不涉猎。
  1726年,他出版了《穷查理历书》,当时被译成12种文字,畅销欧美各国,也奠定了他在文学史上的地位。独立战争爆发后,他参加了第二届大陆会议和《独立宣言》的起草工作。
  1790年4月17日,深夜11点,富兰克林溘然逝去。他一生最真实的写照是他自己说过的一句话“诚实和勤勉,应该成为你永久的伴侣。”本文是作者于1780年创作的,当时他正在法国为国事奔走,却仍然有闲情雅致写这种轻松的文章,此文足以窥见作者美国式的幽默和机智。
  这世上有两种人,他们拥有同样的健康、财富以及其他生活上的享受,但是,一种人快乐,另一种人却烦恼。这很大程度上来源于他们对事物观点的不同,比如对人和对事,因此产生了快乐和烦恼的分歧。
  人无论处于什么境地,总是会遇到“幸”或“不幸”。不管在什么场合,接触到的人和进行的交流,总有让他开心或烦心的;无论在什么样的餐桌前吃饭,酒肉总有对味和不对味的,餐具也总有精致和粗糙的;无论在什么气候下,他们总能遭遇好天气和坏天气;无论哪个政府统治,法律条文总有好坏之分;再伟大的诗句或著作中,总能挑出精彩的和平庸的;差不多每一个人的脸上,都有美丽和难看的地方,每一个人,也总有优点和缺点。
  在这种情况下,上面所说的两种人注重的东西刚好相反。快乐的人,总是看着事物的长处:交谈中愉快的部分,食物的精致,酒的美味,美好的天气等等,并且满心欢喜地享受这一切。那些不快乐的人,却站在对立的一面,因此他们总是对自己不满意,他们说的话在社交场合很扫兴,既得罪了别人,也让自己闷闷不乐。如果这种性格与生俱来,那么真值得同情;可是如果是盲目模仿别人,最后不知不觉成了习惯的,那么他们应该清楚这种恶习将对他们幸福的人生产生怎样的影响,即使这种恶习已经很顽固,也还是可以根除的。我希望这点忠告可以给他们一点儿帮助,改变这一不好的习惯。或许这习惯主要作用于心理上,但是却能给生活造成恶劣的影响,带来一些现实的悲伤与不幸。因为总是得罪人,大家都不喜欢他,顶多演示一些必不可少的礼节,甚至连最起码的尊重都不会给他。这会使他们的生活缺乏情趣,而且会引起各种矛盾和争执。如果他们想增加财富,没有人会祝福他们好运,没有人愿意为他们出谋划策。如果他们招致公众的责难和羞辱,也没有人出来为他们辩护或谅解,有的人甚至夸大其辞地攻击他们,使他们变得更讨厌。如果这些人不改变这些坏习惯,对那些人们认为美好的事物不屑一顾,一天到晚怨天尤人,那么大家还是少和他接触好,因为这种人很难相处,而且当你卷进他们的争吵中,你会有更大的麻烦。
  我有一个哲学家老朋友,经历过很多人情世故,按照他的阅历,行为谨慎,尽量避免和这种人打交道。和其他哲学家一样,他也有一个显示气温的温度计和一个预报天气好坏的气压计;但世上没有人发明一种仪器可以预测人的这种坏习惯,因此,他就利用自己的两条腿来测验。他的一条腿长得很好看,另一条腿因为意外事故而成了畸形。如果陌生人初见他时,对他的丑腿比对他的美腿更专注,那么他就会有所疑虑。如果那人只谈论那条丑腿,而不注意他的好腿,那我的朋友就会很快决定不再与他深交。不是每个人都有这样一双腿作为测量仪器,但只要稍加留意,每个人都能看出点那种挑三拣四的人的劣迹,从而避免和这种人交往。所以,我奉劝那些爱挑剔、爱发牢骚、整天愁眉苦脸的人,如果想受人尊敬并且想自己找乐子的人,就不要总是盯着别人的丑腿看。

*与丑腿(2)

  这世上有两种人,他们拥有同样的健康、财富以及其他生活上的享受,但是,一种人快乐,另一种人却烦恼。这很大程度上来源于他们对事物观点的不同,比如对人和对事,因此产生了快乐和烦恼的分歧。
  The Handsome and Deformed Leg
  Benjamin Franklin
  There are two Sorts of People in the World; who with equal Degrees of Health; & Wealth; and the other forts of Life; bee; the one happy; and the other miserable。 This arises very much from the different Views in which they consider Things; Persons; and Events; and the Effect of those different Views upon their own Minds。
  In whatever Situation Men can be placed; they may find Conveniencies & Inconveniencies: In whatever pany; they may find Persons & Conversation more or less pleasing。 At whatever Table; they may meet with Meats & Drinks of better and worse Taste; Dishes better & worse dress’d: In whatever Climate they will find good and bad Weather: Under whatever Government; they may find good & bad Laws; and good & bad Administration of those Laws。 In every Poem or Work of Genius they may see Faults and Beauties。 In almost every Face & every Person; they may discover fine Features & Defects; good & bad Qualities。
  Under these Circumstances; the two Sorts of People above mention’d fix their Attention; those who are to be happy; on the Conveniencies of Things; the pleasant Parts of Conversation; the well…dress’d Dishes; the Goodness of the Wines; the fine Weather; & c。; and enjoy all with Chearfulness。 Those who are to be unhappy think & speak only of the contraries。 Hence they are continually discontented themselves; and by their Remarks sour the Pleasures of Society; offend personally many People; and make themselves everywhere disagreeable。 If this Turn of Mind was founded in Nature; such unhappy Persons would be the more to be pitied。 But as the Disposition to criticize; & be disgusted; is perhaps taken up originally by Imitation; and is unawares grown into a Habit; which tho’ at present strong may nevertheless be cured when those who have it are convinc’d of its bad Effects on their Felicity; I hope this little Admonition may be of Service to them; and put them on changing a Habit; which tho’in the Exercise it is chiefly an Act of Imagination yet has serious Consequences in Life; as it brings on real Griefs and Misfortunes。 For as many are offended by; & nobody well loves this Sort of People; no one shows them more than the most mon civility and respect; and scarcely that; and this frequently puts them out of humour; and draws them into disputes and contentions。 If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank of fortune; nobody wishes them success; or will stir a step; or speak a word; to favour their pretensions。 If they incur public censure or disgrace; no one will defend or excuse; and many join to aggravate their misconduct; and tender them pletely odious。 If these people will not change this bad habit; and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing; without fretting themselves and others about the contraries; it is good for others to avoid an acquaintance with them; which is always disagreeable; and sometimes very inconvenient; especially when one finds one’s self entangled in their quarrels。

*与丑腿(3)
An old philosophical friend of mine was grown; form experience; very cautious in this particular; and carefully avoided any intimacy with such people。 He had; like other philosophers; a thermometer to show him the heat of the weather; and a barometer to mark when it was likely to prove good or bad; but; there being no instrument invented to discover; at first sight; this unpleasing disposition in a person; he for that purpose made use of his legs; one of which was remarkably handsome; the other; by some accident; crooked and deformed。 If a Stranger; at the first interview; regarded his ugly Leg more than his handsome one; he doubted him。 If he spoke of it; & took no notice of the handsome Leg; that was sufficient to determine my Philosopher to have no further Acquaintance with him。 Every body has not this two…legged Instrument; but every one with a little Attention; may observe Signs of that carping; fault…finding Disposition; & take the same Resolution of avoiding the Acquaintance of those infected with it。 I therefore advise those critical; querulous; discontented; unhappy People; that if they wish to be respected and beloved by others; & happy in themselves they should leave off looking at the ugly Leg。
  

如果我休息,我就生锈
'美国'奥里森·
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